Well, if a business used to make enough revenue to turn a profit through ads, and then you take that revenue away and it fails, it seems likely that the failure was caused by the loss of ads combined with the lack of any alternative revenue stream(s) to replace them. Occam's razor and all that.

2. You conveniently ignored half the alternatives to ads that I listed, probably because there are numerous examples of successful subscription-based content providers.

From direct personal experience, getting a site to the point where someone is willing to pay real money for access -- even if you have lots of original content that gets very favourable comments and a lot of interest -- is hard.

If you're running a huge brand whose site people really do visit often -- a good quality news site, say, or perhaps a service like Netflix or Spotify -- then sure, someone might consider it worth paying a few dollars a month to subscribe.

If you're running a smaller niche site that someone might find very useful but only visit occasionally, unfortunately it is a different game entirely.

Just to be absolutely clear, so you don't think I'm ignoring any of your alternatives:

Donations: Known to generate negligible revenue in most cases.

Freemium: Possible in some cases, but only if there is something useful to upsell to.

PWYW: See Donations.

Subscriptions: Possible in some cases, but only if the site is big enough and/or updated often enough to attract regular visitors.

Grant: From where, exactly?

Sites that get their money from me are more likely to give me content I want than sites that get their money from ads and malware.

Really? I find sites that show up for the search terms I'm using and hold my attention for more than 5 seconds when I click through are often very useful.

However, I'm not going to subscribe to every one of the 150+ sites that my browser history tells me I visited today while researching something, or even the 10-20 of them that actually did have very useful information.

Nor am I realistically going to go through the hassle of making a card payment or using some donation service I've never heard of and don't necessarily trust just to give each site some fraction of a dollar, even if I considered the material they'd given me on that occasion to be worth it.

I would happily donate to such sites if an immediate and non-intrusive method for handling the micropayments existed, but sadly we haven't solved that problem yet. Until we do, I don't begrudge sites that are ad-funded, nor do I think they owe me anything if they block me because I then block those ads.

So as I wrote before, I don't think this discussion is going anywhere useful. You still haven't suggested any viable alternatives for many sites that are currently ad-funded, and you still seem to think all the responsibility for safety on the Internet belongs to the only people actually contributing anything in your scenario, i.e., the people running the sites.