We've got some pretty hairy legacy C++ and all versions of VS prior to 2015 fell over it. 2015 handles it just fine, it's worth trying again.
Regardless, clang just uses the headers - at least that's the story with clang-autocomplete. It seems to parse them much faster than VS does, so reusing the VS cache me might cause perf impediments.
I can confirm that clang just uses headers, no linking involved. No project either. Only the headers you include in your file. So it should not compile a lot unless you have a file that includes the whole project, which is probably not the case.