That's the concept that encapsulates privacy, speech, etc.
The America-centric names are less appealing to me, since many equate "America" with the federal government, which is definitely not the friend of liberty / free speech / privacy.
I wouldn't say it belongs to any nation, though if it had to belong to one it'd probably be France. The first two things that come to mind when I think of the word 'liberty' are both of French origin:
You're right re: France, but people in the UK, Ireland, Germany and Australia talk much less about liberties than they do about privacy.
Oddly, this government minister [http://news.sky.com/story/1675276/conservative-mp-calls-for-...] was so shocked and outraged about requests for leaders to reveal their tax returns he suggested banning curtains as a equivalent. He's from the same government that collects and reads all email of all citizens.
