This is roughly EAV. EAV is where you have a with a schema:
entity_id | attribute_id | value
EAV is typically considered to be an anti-pattern for several reasons: it becomes very expensive to rematerialize a entity with all of its attributes/values, it becomes difficult to have any kind of constraints on the values (this is also a problem with jsonb), and it's hard for the database to maintain good statistics on the values of different attributes as most databases don't keep multi-column statistics. Don't worry, I've had similar ideas before.