I had negotiated 2-2.5X with most of the companies on stocks. Shocked? Well, if you ask for 10% more and accepted the offer, it's a party in next recruiting meetings in the company. Always flinch, start with 3X and make the recruiters feel bad. They should do atleast 5-10 calls just in negotiating the numbers. Imagine as a software engineer, how many tasks you had to complete for a project and how many times you have to meet/dial-in the customer/other teams during/after the project. You are the project for the recruiter for this month. Let him/her work for you this month.