> Nobody is talking about the bias being spontaneous. It is chronic and cultural.
It's very counterintuitive that police officers around the country would have a homogeneous culture that diverges so strongly from the cultures of the diverse communities from which they come and in which they live and in which they work.
It's necessarily "spontaneous" that police officers around the country coming from diverse backgrounds and living and working in diverse communities would spontaneously adopt a culture that biases them against one race in particular, especially when many of those officers are of that same race.
> Do you have anything to back up your claim that African American officers are more likely to use force against African Americans than white officers?
2 separate analyses come to mind, but there are others (I don't have the time to dig up at the moment). As far as I know, this isn't disputed among criminologists.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&c...
https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0753-pub.pdf