Wikipedia says that Embedded Controllers [1] are microcontrollers (like an Arduino!) that control everything the OS doesn't. It looks like these slides describe how to program said microcontrollers.
I do not think this slide deck is really trying to get you to try to frankenstein something out of the board but more that there is a well established microcontroller they are using in the chromebook with a well-developed software platform to run on it. If anything the 'franken' part just comes from using the Chromium OS code and less the actually common microcontrollers.