> You have cabs in NYC though - is it similar? In London the city controls the number of people that can operate black cabs, sets a standard tariff for fares and runs background and license checks. They can be hailed off the street (though also through some apps). And the drivers have to take "The knowledge"[1] a test which takes a few years to pass and means you can give the average cab driver any street name and they can get you there without a GPS.

In New York City, cabs that have medallions for street hails are referred to colloquially as "yellow cabs" and those which do not are referred to as "black cabs" (more properly: "livery cab"). Both yellow cabs and black cabs are regulated by the TLC, but black cabs are not allowed to pick people up off the street. Instead, you have to call the company to arrange a pickup (using a mobile app qualifies as "calling" for this purpose).

Uber, Lyft, Juno, etc. are all regulated in New York City as black cab services, which means they can't take street hails, but they operate otherwise identically to all other non-medallion black cab services, with TLC-licensed drivers.