Bob closed 20 tickets this week, and Dave is still working on that one ticket from last week. Who got most work done this week?
On the other side of things I have a guy at work who rocks out 20 tickets and a guy at work who tries to go into super plan mode and take his time and make sure every semicolon is perfect 20 times. This is ok, it's what management is for I need to make sure the fast guy is a little more careful sometimes and I need to check on mr planner and make sure he speeds it up sometimes.
To be clear, though, "Who got most work done this week?" is not a useful question.
But to answer your question, the original story should have acceptance criteria such that the ticket can't be closed if there are bugs. Failing that, the bug ticket should be linked to the original ticket.
Continual feedback is also important. If the manager who laid you off valued velocity over bug-free code, that should have been communicated way earlier.
You get an equally or more skilled developer than Bob and Dave to monitor their output and ask them that question. That's the only way.
Was that not obvious from my answer? C'mon.
Or knows that Bob is just that good. Or Dave's having a bad week because of X.
Direct superiors tend to have at least a vague idea of what is happening, along with a certain level of trust. These two make it less likely for the answer to your question to be as ambiguous. At least for ballpark estimates of whether one should be worried.
EDIT: realized after posting that multiple people made this point. Just goes to show that it should be common sense.