What learning those things does do is drastically increase your future flexibility as a developer - new databases, new languages, new jobs entirely, whatever. It's all built on the same primitives and if you have that fundamental understanding it makes it easy to ramp up on new technologies given you have the willpower and motivation. There's still a learning curve for specialized fields (of course) but that's fine.

Colleges may well be adapting since I left, but the main issue is that people aren't really holding you to the standards of software that exist at capable software firms. Correctness is about all that matters in university. Students don't know how to optimize for testability, maintainability, deployability, monitorability, etc etc. And learning and developing those skills makes you far better at the 'correctness' bit too.

There are some courses that are collaborative, but in industry the code you write can affect hundreds or thousands of other engineers and there can be real economic consequences of issues in your work (see: plenty of interns/new hires that have had the opportunity to kill $100,000-$1,000,000 or more in revenue by taking down a site - not blaming them, it's just an issue that actually exists in the real world). The order of magnitude is just so different.

This isn't a problem per se, I don't think universities should be expected to perfectly prepare you for this (this is why internships are crucial, and are one of the strongest interview signals for new grads). But somebody does have to - the onus is really on employers of new grads to raise functional engineers if they want to have top notch engineering teams.

I'll be honest - I didn't really grok CS until my first internship had passed, but that one summer really changed both my existing knowledge and my desire to build those skills further. I'm really grateful to have worked with some people that sparked that interest in me. I was at a 2-fulltime-dev startup with a ton of opportunity to work on different pieces of the stack, and it was just tremendously fun.

Side note: an interesting note on taking down applications is that as software enterprises get more mature and taking down a site is that much harder, it feels like (to me) that new engineers in your organization actually have a less opportunity to learn-by-doing for the foundational pieces. This is a very bizarre catch-22 that I suspect has real consequences for the growth of new engineers in software organizations. Very hard to calculate that effect though.