1. vgo focuses on the wrong issue (if you're spending a ton of time resolving and re-resolving your dependency graph, maybe the issue is your build process).
2. vgo will get the wrong answers and/or make development much harder
There's a long writeup of some of the ways vgo can go wrong here: https://sdboyer.io/vgo/failure-modes/ and some background here: https://sdboyer.io/vgo/intro/ among other places. And there was a lot of discussion here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17183101
I'd say there's about a 3% chance vgo ends up being a smashing success that revolutionises package management and gets copied by everyone else, a 30% chance that vgo works well for golang due to their unique requirements but has nothing to offer anyone else, and about a 67% chance it ends up being a failure and being scrapped or heavily revised to scrap the novel, controversial and (arguably) fundamentally broken ideas that set it apart from every other package manager.
But fundamentally, the reason the cargo people aren't copying it right now is that it doesn't even really claim to have advantages over cargo for rust. (There are some quirks in the golang ecosystem which mean you end up analyzing your dependency tree way, way, more than you do in basically any other common language. That makes speed important for golang, but for everyone else, it's almost meaningless.) "We make the unimportant stuff fast at the expense of getting the importing stuff wrong" isn't very compelling. :)
Of course, the vgo people would phrase it as "we make the important stuff fast and we get the important stuff right", so...time will tell. But don't expect anyone to copy this quickly; it remains to be seen if it'll even work for golang, and it'd need to be a huge step up from the current state of the art to make it worth switching for other languages and ecosystems.
What are these?
Basically, dep/glide do a bunch of stuff, including recursively parsing import statements because of How Go Works (tm). Other package managers don't, because they have lock files, and central repositories. Go expects you to just be able to throw a ton of raw code into your GOPATH and have it all magically fetched from github, which is super cool, but also very hard to do quickly, and not really something other languages are clamouring to support.
(A lot of attention has been focused on vgo's solver, and it is much faster, but the solver isn't what takes up all the time; the speedup from dep/glide to vgo seems to be almost entirely related to the changes in how dependencies are declared. Saving 10ms on a more efficient solver algorithm means nothing if the overall process is spending 12s grinding through slow disc and network access.)
And when you survey the language ecosystem, you see a lot of languages very enthusiastically committed to traditional package managers (with lock files) and centralised repositories. Cargo, composer, npm/yarn, bundler/ruby gems - recent history is full of languages happily moving in that direction. Go is an exception, and I don't see anyone actively copying that quirk any time soon.
When you just decide not to address a significant part of the problem, the solution becomes simpler.
You mean a bug? Because that's what that is and it is no different from any other bug, and like any other bug they are outside the scope of dependency specifications as they are unintended.
Known relevant bugs in particular versions of dependencies are not outside the scope of what non-vgo dependency management solutions address.