- ISP has your name and history. The AdTech knows your IP's history, and most likely your Id.
VPN:
- VPN has your history, but no name (paid via voucher), and is other country's legal entity. My ISP only knows I'm using some VPN service (DoT enabled on my router). The AdTech is missing key identifier, IP, to link your data together (to aggregate).
> ISP your VPN uses which knows everything
Both ISPs know squat, just encrypted traffic from my real IP