If I ever saw a "research study" that said "print statement users have 12% fewer bugs than debugger users" - or vice versa! - I would dismiss it out of hand. What possible relevance could it have to my work? That's not real research, it's just playing with statistics and making up overly generalized stories about them.
That kind of research would just become the "authority" in a new appeal to authority, complete with an infographic!
And nothing has to be "settled", nor should it be. There are many different kinds of programming that require different tools. It's best to be aware of the variety of choices available, and choose your tools according to the particular situation you're in.