>> I've been here for about a month now and still feel like I'm mostly just in free falling trying to figure out 95% of what anyone talks about or how to do things.
It is fairly normal, every company has its on acronyms, processes, so I would say it is fairly normal to be overwhelmed in the beginning. There is no way you could know in advance their process.
That being said, you should have colleagues available to help you.
Take always a notebook and a pen with you. Whenever there is a word, or process, you have never heard of or are not sure what it consists of, write it down.
Now every few days schedule a meeting with a member of you team, reviews the list, and request explanation/clarification.
Take additional notes for future reference. That's it, in a few weeks you'll feel at ease with what is happening around you.
This is a gradual process, you'll keep learning in the months, years to come.
Then once you feel more at ease, you can push for initiatives, new ways to do things. A newcomer has usually always lots of fresh ideas because is not yet used to how things are done here...