On C++, inertia is a wonderful thing. Java has the benefits of extensive dependency injection and JVM/ecosystem tools that lower the risk of deployment of code. .NET also provides the controlled "managed code" environment of CLR.

Why any enterprise would use C++ for standard "business" or "large scale" programming makes no sense to me.

Enterprises want stability, not speed to market. Most of their infrastructure changes slowly (as in features deployed once or twice a year maybe). They have stable support mechanisms for this, including long and complex processes of approval.