rustup, the recommended / website default way of installing rustc, supports installing multiple channels. The command it installs on your path as "rustc" (and "cargo" etc.) is actually a wrapper; you can use e.g. "rustc +nighly foo.rs", change the default for your user, and even change the default for a directory.

That said, CI is typicality done in ad-hoc VMs or containers (e.g., a Travis matrix), so having different versions in automated test runs would be straightforward even if rustup didn't support this.