> This is the problem Javascript source maps are meant to solve for the web
That's not the problem source maps are meant to solve. They exist to debug transpiled code.
> The source for GNU and Linux is viewable by everyone, which negates the inability to view what is happening inside a binary.
That's not true. It is non-trivial to verify that the binary you received was built with the source code that's openly available. The point of FOSS is that you always have the option to build your own binaries so that you can be 100% certain of what is running on your machine. Most people aren't going to do that, so they need to place their trust on a third party (like whoever built their kernel). FOSS just makes that trust optional instead of mandatory (like it is with something like Windows)