I think that having students take 5-6 classes together in 16 weeks doesn’t promote mastery in any of those classes. Tying the performance in those classes to scholarship eligibility and job placement incentives grades, not necessarily understanding. Grades and mastery can be separated because 2-3 exams in a class, which determines the majority of the grade, rewards students the most, on a time investment vs. performance basis, for understanding technicalities in the grading system and for hyper focusing on the types of problems that can be on an exam. This doesn’t promote mastery, this is a game academia and students play for the satisfaction of government, finance and corporations. Definitely, a problem, solutions could include more frequent sampling of understanding, more diverse ways of measuring knowledge, decoupling performance from financing and longer periods to learn topics.