To answer your technical question: You can approach it one of two ways (I've done both). The first you hinted at. You can keep the last state object handy for the next incoming update and compare (e.g.) stateA.className against stateB.className, which is extremely fast. But you have an extra object in memory for every single node, which is a consideration. You can also just use the node itself and compare state.className to node.className. Turns out this is ~90-100% as fast ~95% of the time, and sips memory.
If you're thinking, "wait, compare it to the DOM node? That will be slow!" - notice that we're not querying the DOM. We're checking a property on an object to which we have a reference in hand. I can run comparisons against node.className (and other properties) millions of times per second. Recall that my component update functions return an object of roughly the form:
{
node,
className: 'foo',
childNodes: [...],
...
}
That first property is the DOM node reference, so there's no difficulty in running the updates this way. Things are slower when dealing with props that need to be handled via getAttribute() and setAttribute(), but those cases are <10%, and can be optimized away by caching the comparison value to avoid getAttribute(). There are complications with numerical values which get rounded by the DOM and fool your code into doing DOM updates that don't need to happen, but it's all handle-able.
Here's quick gist: https://gist.github.com/jeffmcmahan/8d10c579df82d32b13e2f449...