Elixir is not quite as popular as Go. But there are absolutely job opportunities out there. And huge projects currently using it (e.g., Discord). I wouldn't focus on needing there to be a job market to learn something new, though. You'll learn techniques and a new way of problem solving that will make you a better Python, JS, and PHP programmer, even if you never professionally work as an Elixir developer.
The Introduction guide on the Elixir website is a really good place to get started. You should be able to pick up the basics pretty quickly: https://elixir-lang.org/getting-started/introduction.html