> This would be abused like any other slush fund.
That's a Fully Generic Argument against any pool of government money for any purpose. The law could be written in such a way that the money is allocated for this specific purpose.
> Plus there’s a natural adverse selection bias as all the “really good” patents will go the private route.
A valid critique. The long-term goal, of course, would be to expand the program and phase out pharma entirely. An intermediate step would be to increasingly offer grants to academics with the stipulation "if you take this grant money, you must go the public route". In much the same way that now, any research published with NIH funds must be open-access within 1 (2? I forget) years.
> The current pharma pricing system milks the American consumer so as to subsidize the rest of the planet.
Yes, but...
> The real answer to all of this is to pass a law that drug prices in the USA have to be less than anywhere else on earth.
And you don't think this would negatively impact the rate of drug development? I do. Price controls are also a very drastic step in terms of American law. They tend to have...undesirable side-effects.
If I were pondering general solutions in the area of what you are talking about, I'd prefer laws drastically limiting the amount and type of marketing pharma can do. And ideally supplement that with FDA-provided, more objective material for consumers and MDs about the actual, objective benefits and risks of various drugs.