It can be faster to send the signal into space and bounce it off a satellite, than it would be through a perfect "great circle" surface fiber cable. This is the plan for SpaceX's Starlink constellation. Mark Handley makes an excellent series of YouTube videos explaining some of the high level engineering behind this with incredible visualizations[0]
I like the napkin idea of a "great chord" optic cable as you seem to be suggesting (it's novel at least!) but temperatures get pretty hot very quickly when drilling down. At 5km depth you're already hitting 170C/340F, otherwise 10km is 375C and definitely a hard limit. Most fiber optic cable has a melting point of 70C, way under this.
Keeping a maximum 6km depth (already way past the melting point of fiber cable), you can drill a perfectly straight line connecting two points on the surface of the earth that are 555.89 km apart. The horizontal tunnel will be 555.71 km long. Mainly this is because the earth is ~13,000 km diameter, so 6km depth is truly negligible.
This tunnel would cost ~$1.2 Trillion for a 0.32% distance savings.
Additionally, the speed of light in fiber slows down as the fiber increases in temperature. So you'll actually probably get significantly long ping, even though the signal is traveling an insignificantly shorter distance. [1]
Lastly, Rayleigh scattering (primarily, as well as Raman and Brillouin scattering) increases with respect to temperature. This means the signal won't go as far as it does at surface conditions.
0: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-k1j7M2-hBfXeECd9YAQ_g/vid...
1: https://accelconf.web.cern.ch/accelconf/d09/papers/tupb35.pd...