Looks interesting. From https://www.v2ray.com/en/index.html it seems that it's "just" a VPN protocol / software that can tunnel over TLS. I assume the point of using your own server + Cloudflare is that it breaks IP based blocking of most VPN providers. I guess just your own server without Cloudflare would work fine for a while, but they probably have heuristics for a lot of encrypted traffic sent to a single unknown server?

The remaining question for me is about the TLS part of all this. Does China not have agreements with most external services about stripping TLS such that a lot of TLS traffic would be suspect? Or do they not mandate their citizens to use a Government provided root cert that would allow them to "securely" MITM connections? That would be how I'd do it if I were an authoritarian government.

If not, then what's their plan for the future? I could see a Firewall kind of mostly working for now on a combination of DNS, IP, and SNI filtering, but all three are going away in the near term. DNS with DNS-over-HTTP, SNI with eSNI, and IP blocking has become less plausible already through routine use of proxies like Cloudflare.