No, Signed HTTP exchanges are something that Google dreamed up so people don't have to see their hegemony over the modern web (or as the article you linked calls it, a shakedown). It's not a browser standard so far, because of Apple and Mozilla's resistance.

There are legitimate ways for NYTimes to allow Google to serve content on behalf of them, like so many other CDNs around the world (it usually involves the CDN generating the certificate for your site as well). Why should people create new standards for HTTPS and URLs simply for Google's benefit?

I don't deny that there's a way to make "nytimes.com" work where everything is served by "google.com". What I'm questioning is why we need a completely new web standard for doing so that affects the URL, something that has been standard for decades.