The issue is that the technical meaning of the URL is very far from what most user think of.
Is the URL an address for NYT's server? Not really because you are actually hitting Fastly's server. So when NYT sets up a magical DNS config, it suddenly is fine, but using crypto to sign the package and serve it on a CDN that way, then it's suddenly "subverting the meaning of the URL"?
We can have a real discussion of what the meaning of a URL is, but I think your interpretation is unfair. I think it's entirely fair to argue that it makes sense for URLs to be an address to a specific content.