options pricing formulas are not settled and the predominant formula was made by a firm that blew up using it
its not really about arbitrage between markets, it’s the varying motives within the options market and varying prices others are willing to pay. Although this can be influenced by arbitrage between markets for some people.
the formulas are based on stock prices, and at least 5 other things, but a small options market was ignorable, while a big options market shouldn’t be