Nope, WSL 1 uses pico processes, a technology based on Drawbridge research.
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/drawbridge/
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/wsl/windows-s...
https://channel9.msdn.com/Blogs/Seth-Juarez/Windows-Subsyste...
It is a bit more advanced than Wine, with first class support from NT kernel.
Whereas WSL 2 uses Hyper-V, which is a type 1 hypervisor, all OSes run as guest, including Windows itself.