Thanks for the links. Very interesting to read how you get around these tricky dynamic operations!

> get threads that want to monkey patch to stop other threads and tell them to start checking for redefined methods

As an aside, this sort of reminds me of branch prediction at a higher level. A very neat way to speed up for the general case of no patching.

> This is a great example because people said 'surely... surely... there will always be some overhead to check for monkey patching - no possible way to solve this can't be done' until people found the result already in the literature that solves it.

There is still overhead when patching is used though. If you don't use the feature, you don't pay the cost, however when monkey patching is used there is a very definite cost to rewriting the JIT code and thread synchronisation that compiled languages would simply not have.

I can see where you're coming from here. If we can reduce all dynamic costs that aren't used to nothing then we will have the same performance as, say, C. At least, in theory.

It would be certainly be interesting to see a dynamic language that can deoptimise all its functionality to a static version to match a statically compiled language. Still, any dynamic features would nevertheless incur an increased cost over static languages.

It's the dynamism itself of Python that incurs the performance ceiling over static compilation, plus the issues I mentioned in my previous reply about boxing and cache pressures. However you've definitely given me some food for thought over how close the gap could potentially be.