Nope, you can also use Python, like I do with my 3rd party Elite: Dangerous application:
https://captainslog.scarygliders.net/captains-log-2/All written in Python, recently moved to Qt5 and PySide2, runs on Windows and when I figure out packaging for Linux (probably AppImage) will release it for Linux as well.
I believe there are Qt bindings for other languages too.
So you're not stuck with C++ :)