Even older MacBooks would boot with the battery disconnected (in some sort of safe mode).
https://osxdaily.com/2019/06/14/how-boot-macbook-pro-without...
Newer ones likely wait to check the battery properly.
I've not come across any laptop or Android smartphone that wouldn't power up without a battery.
However, I do not have any experience with USB-C powered laptops, those might be different seeing as they need to negotiate power first.