I can state from experience that using Dear ImGui over Qt massively sped up the application we developed (Media player with non-trivial UI that decoded RAW video in real-time using CUDA/Metal/OpenCL). Framerate increased by around 10%, and there was no longer any significant difference between the consumer-oriented software and an internal engineering tool that was literally nothing but an SDL window and some direct API calls.
Perhaps caching was performed driver-side, or perhaps maintaining indexing is not a huge issue on modern GPUs. I couldn't tell you, honestly, but I saw the performance gains with my own eyes. Entire UIs would chew up less resources than a blank QWindow.