Yes, we quite obviously have much higher carrying capacity, thanks to improvements in farming technology and in expanding farming into places that haven’t been farmed before. Right now, Europe has more forests and less farmland in use than it had during medieval times, despite having much higher population.
We devised ways to mitigate the problems associated with population growth, but we have not solved it: the fundamental logic of Malthus is still very much valid. The carrying capacity of Earth may be much larger than he thought: it may be 50 billion, or 100, or 500 (but probably not 1 trillion), some people surely have created an analysis to get a good estimate given current technology and available land. But, make no mistake, it is very much finite. The good news is that with current trends in population growth, we aren’t likely to hit it in the next few hundred of years.
