- What a filesystem is.
- How directories, files, and filesystems relate to one another.
- What a server is/does.
- How any kind of raw text whatsoever relates to what the computer "actually is" (the GUI)
- When or how or under what circumstances a program might read a file (say, re-reading a config file)
- What all that prompt noise means.
- Why some things they type on the command line work and why others don't—they don't understand that the things they're running are discrete programs and not somehow built in to the terminal or the OS, and they certainly don't understand the concept of a PATH.
- All kinds of magical bullshit you need to just know (or spend time finding out then internalizing) to use a command line (what the fuck is ".."? Why do I need to put "-" before things seemingly at random, but other times that breaks stuff? Et c., et c.)
- What they can even expect to be able to do on the command line (change permissions on files? Is that a thing you can do? Oh now you're going to need to learn how your OS permissions system works on a lower level than you've ever needed to know before, or else just blindly copy-paste from the Web and hope for the best)
And that list is far from comprehensive.