The patches were merged and the email thread discusses that the patches made it to the stable tree. Some (many?) distributions of Linux have and run from stable.
> 2. There are mechanisms in place for preventing actual merging of the faulty patches.
Those mechanisms failed.
> 3. Even if a patch is merged by mistake, it can be easily backed out or replaced with another patch, and the updates pushed anywhere relevant.
Arguably. But I think this is a weak argument.