There used to be a time when we had accelerated 2D graphics cards, even with support e.g. GDI, and then the 3D graphics accelerator was an additional card.

So there was a transition period when GPUs were still 2D accelerators that could do some 3D on the side.

Then graphics cards got the ability to do matrix operations in hardware, this was still mostly 2D with 3D super powers.

However then shaders came into the picture, as consumer hardware finally became cheap enough to adopt capabilities of graphics workstations hardware.

First only Assembly language for GPUs, but by the time DirectX 8 and OpenGL 2.0 became widespread, we got C like shading languages.

GL ES 2.0 is basically OpenGL 2.0 only with shaders and hardware transform and lighting removed.

If you want to make best use of the GPU there is no way around writing shaders, regardless of it being 2D or 3D graphics engine.

In fact you want to code most of the typical 2D effects as shaders running directly on the GPU.