Google's Web Vitals page tracks things like Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS), First Contentful Paint (FCP), and Largest Contentful Paint (LCP). -- All of those metrics are visible in the Performance tab and are recorded by lighthouse.
From [1]: "The first reason is that cumulative layout shift will become a ranking factor in May 2021."
But notably the SEO is based on those measurements as reported by actual Chrome users who choose to share data back to Google, which isn't necessarily the same as what lighthouse measures.
Also it hasn't happened yet. They pushed the implementation date to a slow rollout starting in "mid-June"
