It would be nice if this were built into Windows, but in lieu of that, I have been using WinCompose[0] for several years for typing diacritics (as part of my learning French). For example:
* ALT e' = é
* ALT u " = ü
* ALT n ~ = ñ
It's not limited to diacritics; you can type ligatures (ALT ae = æ), extended characters (ALT [/] = ), I assume the majority of UTF (ALT #G = 𝄞) and so on. And yes, even emoji (ALT ALT alembic = )
edit: apparently, HN won't show the checkbox (U+2611) or alembic[1].
[0] http://wincompose.info/
[1] https://emojipedia.org/alembic/