> I can’t think of a single benefit of a function over a comment for a piece of code that’s only used once.
A function makes the higher-level flow more clear and uncluttered than without either the function or comment, a comment may make it more clear but also makes it more cluttered.
> Unless the function is extremely clear like max() or min(), you will have to read the function and jump around the code. I feel people underestimate the cognitive overhead required for this. This gets worse the more arguments are required to pass around. Linear code is much easier to read.
Yes, function names should be extremely clear. But less code is easier to read than more code, so unless the contents (rather than the purpose) of the block of code is likely to be important every time you read the containing bit of code, you make the containing bit of code more readable by extracting the block.
> more lines of code, a comment adds 1 line while a function or method adds at least 4.
Depends on the language. In JS, for instance, a function definition can be a single line, so definition + call adds a minimum of 1 line, just like a comment. But a comment adds 1 line to the parent block of code, abstracting out a function at worst simplifies a single line, and usually reduces the lines of code in the parent block. So where the parent but not the content of the abstracted bit is important, it reduces code read, whereas the comment always increases it.
> Naming issues, it can be hard to think of a good name for a function and it almost never describes it perfectly.
Whether you can think of a clear name for the function is, IMO, part of the test for whether it is a logically coherent unit of work to abstract out to a function in the first place.
> Comments have the luxury of potentially conveying more information and are also less important to get right.
Comments are a pure addition of clutter to the code they are attached to; if they aren’t gotten right they are not just visual noise but misleading visual noise. Comments are no less important to get right than naming of functions.
