Your concerns make sense in general, but I have hard time understanding them for would-be subgroups. I would think the "explicit function" would be the easy part. The hard pat is annoyance of finding a "syntactic" representation of the subgroup and proving it's a group (closed) in its own right.
In any event, Lean's reputation is that it goes the extra mile for
"regular" mathematicians. It probably has something nicer for this just like it does for quotiented types.