The TP Card looks to be a variant of the stored-value IC cards like Suica [1][2] used for transit and e-money payments across Japan, but with a fixed commuter pass and no recharge functionality.
The linked thread includes a comparison [3] between the TP Card and a regular Suica.
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suica
[2]: https://www.jreast.co.jp/e/pass/suica.html
[3]: https://twitter.com/aishiterutokyo/status/141455095882718003...
