I’m an American ADHD patient. My doctor made me (and his other patients) come in on random weekends for drug tests. He said the DEA made him report his records.
It's easy to find other people saying they don't have to take drug tests. It seems more likely your doctor is mistaken or lying than many other doctors just ignore a legal requirement.
I don’t know if it’s a legal requirement, I certainly couldn’t find any information on it. My assumption is some lawyer told him it’s a “best practice” to have this information on record in case the DEA audits him or something.