Bizarre. on V8 this seems to be an underlying limit on Function.prototype.apply -- and in the REPL, it's not even deterministic, somewhere in the neighborhood of 123,125. (side effect of optimization?) It's enforced on the caller side as well, the empty function with no arguments still throws when apply'd too large an array.

It's not at all clear to me why this would be a necessary limit to exist, as functions can't reasonably have more than a few hundred formal parameters so passing 100,000 would always imply using unspread or arguments on the receiver, which could surely trivially handle arbitrarily sized arrays.