It's not an argument. It's an explanation of what the number means.
> The only interesting metric is the false positive rate for normal images.
Wrong. The only interesting metric is the false positive rate _in practice_: i.e. how likely are false positives to affect innocents. Indeed, Apple is presenting their "one in a trillion" number as reassurance, as if it was the probability that an account that doesn't distribute CSAM gets flagged by their system. But that probability depends strongly on adversarial questions, and cannot be calculated using optimistic assumptions about all images being "normal".