So let's talk about NYC as it's a place I know a fair bit about, having lived there for >10 years.
NYC is clearly an expensive place... kind of. Manhattan obviously is really expensive but there are 4 other boroughs plus the Hudson Valley, eastern New Jersey and Long Island that are all within commuting distance.
Even with NYC prices, I content that lower-income workers are significantly better off in NYC than the Bay Area. Let me give you a concrete example. I just went onto Streeteasy and found a 2 bedroom apartment in Astoria for $295k [1]. It's a 30 minute commute to Midtown [2]
Even better, it's by public transit so no need for added expensive of buying, parking, maintaining and putting gas into a car.
You simply won't find anything equivalent in the Bay Area.
> Then again, those markets were booming even before tech workers moved to there.
I don't think that matches the data. Depending on what segment you look at prices in the Bay Area have almost doubled since 2012 [3].
[1]: https://streeteasy.com/building/21_27-33-street-astoria/sale...
[2]: https://goo.gl/maps/dvrUrWX88F1jM6gn9
[3]: https://www.bayareamarketreports.com/trend/3-recessions-2-bu...