There is a Rust edition equivalent in C#…kindof. The csproj file has a property to specify which version of the language you want to use. So if you set it to 9, the compiler won’t allow features from 10 (supposedly; I haven’t tested it).
I'm aware of <LangVersion> on the csproj but it's opt in system. You opt into the features of the version you want. It never disables anything of the prior versions.