Clash does generate Verilog or VHDL but the only reason it does this is to interface with vendor tooling.
HLS generally means you compile a very high level description of computation to VHDL/Verilog. This high level description doesn't contain hardware details like registers, ram usages, pipelining etc. During the process of HLS the synthesis tool will try to translate this description to a digital circuit. It will itself place registers, rams pipeline as necessary.
That is the reason HLS doesn't reach the performance of VHDL/Verilog, these HLS tools just aren't as good as a human making the digital circuit.
Clash is not itself coming up with a digital circuit like HLS is doing. The developer is specifying the digital circuit. Just like with VHDL or Verilog. It's just an alternative way of writing it.
