You could install a debian bullseye into the NTFS filesystem alongside with windows, and use the NTFS FS as your root filesystem. That has been possible for a while, but had performance caveats due to the use of fuse-ntfs. There are a some guides on the interwebs. Since Linux 5.15 there is the new ntfs3 driver in the kernel, that has much better performance. 5.15 is easily installable from the testing repo into a normal bullseye.

> My drive doesn't have enough space

The recommendation here is to buy a larger drive (and a usb->sata adapter if necessary), clone to the new drive, and keep the old one as an offline backup!