2. plug it into my system via a USB drive adapter
3. format the drive
4. run the program I wrote to copy the files I want to back up to it
5. unplug the drive
6. plug the drive in next time I want to do a backup
7. run my program again, which will only copy over changed files. You could use rsync if you prefer
8. unplug the drive
Error modes? I've had disk drives fail now and then. I have a 10 lb sledge hammer I use to render it unreadable by anyone but the NSA, and throw it in the trash. Buy another one.
I suppose I'm not really understanding your question. But it really is this low tech and simple.