In the case up above in this thread branch of the poster's bank not emailing statements because it is not secure, key discovery would be easy. The bank would have a form available only when logged in to their online banking site to enable statements by email with a way to upload your public key.
My guess is that for most people who could benefit from emailing encrypted documents it is similar. They have a good secure channel to give the other party their public key.
I'd rather that something better than PGP be used though.