I know this has been asked before, but couldn't find anything asked/written in the past year on HN.
- Opera Mobile I can't stand the stock browser, especially the tab switcher. I probably spend 90% of my phone time in the browser. I also work for Opera :)
- Swype Once you get a hang of it, typing is incredibly fast.
- WhatsApp Instead of SMS.
- ConnectBot For ssh, including irssi (there's a special mode with irssi shortcuts).
- AudioBook player Very straight forward.
- ezPDF Can wrap your pdf's, change background colour, read them out loud...
- Color Flashlight The only one I could find that would use the S2's camera flash.
- Toddler Lock For when the kid wants to play with my phone. Disables all buttons, enters airplane mode and lets you draw on the screen with a bunch of sound effects.
- KeePassDroid I save most password in the browser, but keep them here and occasionally sync them with my desktop computer via sftp.
- AndFTP Ftp, scp, sftp, etc.
- SwitchPro Widgets
And stock apps for camera, music, etc.
AdFree - Blocks advertising domains in /etc/hosts
AutoGuard - Video/audio records my car journeys in case I get in an accident
BackTrack - Tells you the direction and distance to a location you previously
saved, without using Internet access.
K-9 Mail - Superb IMAP client. Much better than the stock app
APG - PGP app, which integrates with K-9 Mail
Kik Messenger - Like Blackberrys BBM, but works on Android/iPhone/Windows phone
TextSecure - Adds public key crypto to SMS storage, and also to transmission
if both ends are using it.
Prey - Will allow me to track my phone if it gets nicked.
RedPhone - Encrypted phone callsAre there any other automation application recommendations?
Don't know how the SGS2 is in this regard, but my Nexus S absolutely chugs if I'm not careful to keep main memory as free as possible.
I once was trying to figure out why my battery was only lasting four hours. I used System's monitoring and figured out that the Facebook app was consuming >90% of CPU cycles. I learned later that the bug was confirmed and that Facebook fixed the problem, but in the meantime, I was able to uninstall Facebook and thus I restored my phone's battery life and responsiveness.
I'm sure there are plenty of other good system monitoring applications for Android. System is the only one I have used.
- NewsRob (for Google Reader)
- Twitter, sometimes Seesmic (Seesmic is a bit more powerful)
- GoDroid, for playing Go
- Glympse, great app for sharing your geoposition with friends for a set period
- Connectbot, for SSH
- FlickFolio, for uploading to FlickrHere's the stuff I use:
- DrumSound app for those times you need a quick drumsound! http://trommelyd.no/
- JuiceDefender (free at the moment), seems to help a lot.
- Twitter/Facebook/Google+, hoping the average person will move to Google+ as I find it much nicer.
- Connectbot IRSSI for SSH (and irssi)
- AlarmDroid, for much better alarms/countdowns/timers.
- Spotify for genious easy music playing (requires premium)
- 3G Watchdog to keep track of my BW usage. I have a 600MB quota I'm never close to.
- RealCalc for a better calculator on the go.
- Dropbox to easily access things
- Notifo for awesome irssi highlight notifications as well as pushing the current page I'm visiting from chrome to the phone (say I'm looking at a recipe and I'm going to the store)
- SSHdroid (not used often) to ssh into the phone.
- ElectroDroid for amazingly useful calculators, resources and pinout info.
- Hacker News and Reddit is fun
- Google Docs
- Various games (Angry Birds, Dragon Fly!, Fruit Ninja, X Construct and the FPse emulator)
- Hacker's Keyboard, full-sized keyboard which is nice for SSH
- SoundHound for recognizing songs
- EverNote (not used much) for keeping notes
- Astrid Tasks for keeping tasklists
- A flashlight app for turning the lights on/off.
- Epicurious for food
- DuckDuckGo app for super easy access to information
Wow, I really use a ton of apps.
As a side note: Samsung has released an official 2000mAh battery for the SGS2. It's very reasonably priced here in Sweden, at less than 300 SEK. See: http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1239719
- k-9 for home email. It's an open source email reader based on the standard Android email reader.
- WeatherBug widget for weather
- MapQuest for navigation, since it generally choose a better route than Google Navigation for long/tricky drives
- Google Navigation for my daily commute, since it has a better traffic display
- GTasks for note taking, it syncs to Google Tasks.
- Peapod whenever I'm running low on something in the kitchen, I just scan the barcode and it's automatically added to my Peapod order. It's awesome.
- Touchdown for work email, since it has great Exchange integration, plus it can read emails to me while I'm driving.
- Pandora
- Audible.com for listening to audio books while driving (I download them at home on WiFi, although I now have an unlimited data account so I don't really need to)
- GOdroid, since it consistently beats me on the easiest level. :)
- DropBox
- ASTRO for process/file management.
- Hacker News Reader by Corey Trager. Currently the only client that works for me.
- DrioidWall, sort of like LittleSnitch for the Mac, you can block apps from accessing the internet.
- JuiceDefender. Some say that it doesn't work, but after customizing the settings, I find extends my battery pretty well.
- Douban.fm. Good online radio app for those of us outside US without access to Pandora et al. Chinese startup so speeds can be slower at times.
- For my todo list, I use Flick Note as a widget extended to cover an entire homescreen (with TouchWiz 4.5), synced to Simple Note. I also use Flick Note for all other note-taking needs, and have frozen/disabled a few default apps with similar features. On my Macs I use Notational Velocity to edit the list and GeekTools to display on my dekstop.
* FBReader and PDF Viewer for ebooks. - I haven't found the need to use anything more complicated than these. They both save my place in the file and pick up there again when I reopen it. They are also very reliable.
* SoundCloud for finding new music. - This app could be more featureful but it gets the best parts of the site.
* Reactable and Caustic for trying to make music. - These are both really amazing. Caustic is a more traditional interface (like Reason) but really well done. Reactable is a really fun toy that lets you manipulate sounds using an interface made for touch and experimentation.
- Flickr [new]
- Songbird—Favourite music player so far
- Aldiko Book Reader—Excellent interface + easy importing of PDFs and other files
- Dictionary.com—Recently updated with a new interface and is also much faster
- Dropbox, ConnectBot—SSH on the go
- Pingdom—Notifications of website downtime
- Opera Mobile—Favourite browser
- Prey
- JuiceDefender Plus—Has noticeably improved battery life
- CardioTrainer—For running LauncherPro, for a more configurable launcher
Google Reader and NewsRob, when online and offline respectively
Kindle
ES File Explorer, probably the best file explorer
AK Notepad, smaller than catch.com stuff
Battery Left, uses history of usage to estimate remaining time
Arity, decent calculator implemented as expression evaluator
DoggCatcher, works far better than Google Listen for me
Wifi Analyzer, great for e.g. surveying hotel wifi reception
Compass, to guess what direction to walk in without needing GPS fix
Very handy when e.g. emerging out of the tube in London
Act 1 video player, nicer interface for playback
3G Watchdog, fantastic to monitor b/w usage if you have a quota
APNdroid, to disable mobile data usage for certain when roaming
Extended Controls, to make settings handier to acccess
Fuel Log Pro, to monitor gas prices and usage
IP Cam Viewer, to check my home cams when I'm away
Maps+, for cached (i.e. offline) maps access when roaming
Micro Second, for monitoring clock drift. With root it can fix it, but I don't
run root. My network time is about 5 minutes out, and my phone loses about
2 minutes a week.
MultiPicture Live Wallpaper, far more flexible wallpaper
OpenTable, Yelp and Google Places, to find somewhere to eat when abroadAirpush detector (screw these guys)
Aix Weather Widget
DI Radio (great electronic streams, been listening for 10 yrs now)
G-Stomper (sweet drum machine)
Twicca (elite Twitter client)
Android Agenda Widget/Agenda Widget Plus (lets me see my calendar and Astrid tasks in one list view)
Kalør Clock (classy desk clock while my phone is charging)
-Hacker News Reader (HN client, I have a few installed as they regularly start/stop working)
-Reddit is fun (reddit client)
-Hanging with friends free (hangman game)
-Google listen (podcasts)
-Amazon Kindle (books)
-Google Authenticator (two factor auth for google services)
-Alarm Clock Plus (alarm clock app, has a feature that makes you do math before you can turn alarm clock off - only way I can get up after late night coding )
-Google Reader
-Pulse Reader
-ESPNCricinfo (cricket scores)
-Beautiful Widgets (weather widget, changes background based on weather)
-Robo defense (tower defense game)
Plex for Android - https://market.android.com/details?id=com.plexapp.android&feature=search_result
DoubleTwist w/AirSync and AirPlay - https://market.android.com/search?q=doubletwist&so=1&c=apps
Go Launcher EX w/various themes and widgets - https://market.android.com/details?id=com.gau.go.launcherex&feature=search_result
WiFi Explorer - https://market.android.com/details?id=com.dooblou.WiFiFileExplorerfeature=search_result
Google+ - Great app, uploads my photos instantly and automatically - worth for that itself.
Plex is on both my Tablet and Phone - put my old HP Mini to work connected to my router and portable 1TB drive which has all my media that can be viewed with Plex remotely. Great looking app with great features!
WiFi Explorer is useful for transferring files to and from the phone over your WiFi network using a browser - seems to work great.
- Swype: I can't type on a mobile phone without this thing anymore.
- ConnectBot: For random times when I need to address an issue by SSHing into some servers.
- Evernote: I used to use the Google Docs app, but have since replaced it with Evernote for all my note taking. It has a native app for most if not all devices and works better IMO.
- Wunderlist: This is a recent addition that has replaced GTasks. It looks better, has a native app for all platforms. Unfortunately, Android version doesn't let you reorder tasks, but I'm willing to live with that since I'm near a computer all the time.
- Netflix: Great for roadtrips or longer drives. Unlimited data plans are awesome.
- Skype: For free video calls.
- Amazon Appstore: Free faily apps. Hit or miss, but some great stuff on certain days.
[Edit: formatting]
To quickly preview t.co and bit.ly links without slowing down to a crawl I built and published a minimalist app called FairyPreview https://market.android.com/details?id=com.fairyteller.linkpr... that I can only recommend :-)
Otherwise, advanced task killer, ACV for comic book reading, AndroZip and Astro for file browsing. And Spotify.
-Mint.com
-Audiobooks
And games? GOD I love games.:
-Game Dev Story (Or any Kairosoft game with a flavor that floats your boat,
but I think most agree GDS is a good place to start.)
-Pirates and Traders
-Plants vs Zombies
-Archipelago * twicca, a twitter client
* Tasker, program your phone
* AnkiDroid, flashcards
* Aix Weather Widget
* FlickFolio, sync your flickr photos while you chargeK-9 for email.
Pulse as a general reader for popular sites.
PocketCloud RDP client (brilliant mouse interface).
XiiaLive Shoutcast Radio client.
NoteEverything (BEST note keeping app, I am completely in love with it)
Vlingo (nice alternative to Google's voice features, especially for voice dialing)
Google Gesture Search (brilliant)
Trillian for chat.
Ebay app is excellent.
If you're in Canada, the Canadian Tire app is also great.
Overlook Fing networking utility.
FTPCafe Pro - best FTP client, only one I have found to do SSL FTP correctly.
AndSMB - SMB client.
GTunes - nice little MP3 finder.
The rest are all pretty common, Dropbox, all the Google apps, etc...
Google apps (Docs, Gmail, Maps, Talk, + etc)
Polaris Office
Local banking apps
Local public transportation and taxi apps
Whatsapp
Facebook
Dropbox
Linkedin
Skype
IMDb
RealCalc
ConnectBot (SSH client)
XE Currency (exchange rates)
ES File Explorer (for access to SAMBA shares)
ChromeMarks (for sync of bookmarks to Chrome bookmarks)
Shazam (finding artist/songname of playing song)
Barcode Scanner (for work) The usual google stuff (Talk, Voice, Gmail, Maps, Translate)
Twitter, Facebook, G+
Foursquare
GroupMe (Can now be used for one-on-one messages too instead of SMS.)
OneBusAway
FareBot (My app. Check the balace of your Clipper/ORCA card. Requires NFC.)
TripIt
Shazam
Chrome to Phone
ROM Manager
Catch Notes
HotelTonight (awful awful app, but I got a good last-minute hotel deal with it)
Uber - Amazon Kindle, for reading books on the bus
- DI Radio
- OI Notepad
- OI File manager
- Aix Weather widget, has a temperature/precipitation graphSurprised more aren't using Google Navigator, easily my favorite droid app.
* Smart Keyboard Pro: https://market.android.com/details?id=net.cdeguet.smartkeybo... -- Allows me to use a Dvorak keyboard on the phone, but even if you don't use Dvorak it's still a great purchase. It has a lot of options to make your typing more efficient that the stock keyboard doesn't have.
* The Kindle app to read books. Now I mostly use it to read .mobi files I've downloaded instead of buying things at the Amazon store, for which it works brilliantly. I wish it allowed copy/pasting of text though.
Google Reader for RSS/Atom
* GMail application for GMail.
* The stock Mail application for work IMAP, although I'll test out K-9 mentioned in this thread
* ColorNote for taking notes / shopping lists.
* live logcat for the novelty of having a l33t boot sequence (and getting rid of that annoying Samsung boot-up sound): https://market.android.com/details?id=eu.chainfire.livelogca...
* Root Explorer to manage root-only files.
* Skype to make video calls
* ConnectBot to ssh from the phone, although I haven't found out how to enable landscape mode in it, which is annoying.
* Listen for podcasts, although I haven't found out how to make it auto-download say the last 3 podcasts of everything I subscribe to.
* BBC News and Al Jazeera video for some world news
* Gh4a to browse GitHub
* AdFree to block spam
* Screenshot to take screenshots
* WolframAlpha for any sort of conversion / math queries.
* A PushUp / SitUp / Squats app (all separate apps) for managed stationary exercise. Although I'd like to find something that I could turn on and would give me instructions for a general N-minute workout that could be done at home.
Things I wish I didn't have to use, or don't know how to do, but haven't found out how to replace / do:
* The default Samsung camera application. There's no way to turn off the shutter noise on it, and it'll plain refuse to take pictures if the battery is low.
* The default task switcher, which often doesn't list the application I've just switched from (even though it's still open)
* The default system clipboard which doesn't seem to have a history / search feature like Emacs's kill ring.
* Having the default Samsung apps installed on the phone. I tried to use Titanium Backup PRO but it didn't work for removing or freezing them.
* Having something like Gesture search which searches across the entire phone but doesn't require me to draw on the screen, I just want to type a query.
* Sometimes the phone will go into some sort of voice command mode. I haven't found out how to disable it.
Lastly I plan to write an application that hooks into the "Share" handler for text/plain content and extracts the content of the clipboard, scans it for a URL, and pastes that to the clipboard.
I've found that quite a few apps have a "Share" functionality, but no "copy the URL of what I'm looking at to the clipboard", and I haven't found any existing app that works around this.
You can actually use the default Google Search app that comes installed on most versions of Android. You just have to go into its settings and tell it to search more than just the web.
And as far as removing those default apps that you can not uninstall: since you already have your phone rooted, you can just delete or rename their process files and they will be effectively uninstalled.
Use root explorer to find the sound files (sorry I can't remember where they are off the top of my head) rename them or just delete them and restart your phone.
You need make sure you get all the focus/shutter files.
Google seems to have basically abandoned 'google listen'. After trying various programs, I've settled on BeyondPod. While it takes a while to configure and has some rough edges, it will automatically download new episodes and delete old ones.
It lets you set to only download when the phone is on wi-fi, or charging, or both (my personal preference).
Does the back button + Home combo (works for Galaxy S) not work for S2 ?
Worked for me. What happens if you launch them after attempting to freeze?
>> Screenshot to take screenshots
You don't need an app for this. Hold menu + power button.
https://market.android.com/details?id=com.skimble.workouts&#...
That happens when you press the home button twice. Happens to me all the time.
Regarding risks, I ran into a problem with the custom MIUI ROM where I couldn't boot the phone anymore. I was scared there for a second (since I couldn't even get into the recovery mode) but I just found the current official Samsung firmware, flashed it and everything ran fine again. You can tell though that it has been modified, since each flash of a firmware increase an internal counter. So in theory there is always the risk of a bricked phone or voided warranty. But I don't know anybody who had this happen.
Epistle - a simple text editor which transparently syncs to Dropbox.
YATA! - my favorite timer app
Chordbot - really cool for trying out music ideas
d7 reader - No nonsense google reader client
UPnPlay - for playing audio/video off my NAS
MortPlayer Books - audiobook player
QuickPic - best gallery I've found
Pinboard - for saving bookmarks
...and games: GameBoid, psx4droid, Snes9x, UAE4Droid (all emulators), ScummVM, Wesnoth, Nethack, Xenowar...
I just wish it could sync bookmarks between my PC, phone and tablet.
I haven't yet.
Notes My bank's app Shazaam ConnectBot Google Wallet - with NFC, which I've yet to try out Dingbat - An app that sends your loved one's a message when your battery is going to die (Useful for making sure you connect before its too late)
* Any Cut (Jeff Hamilton)
* Barcode Scanner - reads barcodes much faster than Goggles
* Droid48 - HP48 calculator emulator
* EBookDroid - djvu and pdf reader
* Google Goggles
* Google Sky Map
* GPS Status (Eclipsim)
* Jorte (Johospace)
* SMS Popup (Adam K)
* Speed Test (Ookla)
* Swype
* Widgetsoid2.x
* Yelp
* AdFree
* Instant Heart Rate (Azumio) - measure pulse by placing finger over camera
* Tide Prediction (Muchoviento)
* SMS Backup (Christoph Studer) - backup SMS to gmail
* JetNote and JetDraw (disclaimer: I am the developer of these apps)
* Torch, terminal emulator, and file manager included with CM7
stuff i use:
* dropbox (for accessing keepass)
* keepass
* beyondpod (for podcasts, it's meets my stream/download needs but there's probably better written apps out there. for those looking, just pay for a good one instead of wasting your time getting frustrated with the free ones)
* rhapsody (music)
* gcalwidget (might have mispelled this)
* yelp
* google voice
* renderFX widgets at night. I'm a f.lux fan.
stuff i formerly used:
* gtasks (I've moved to trello, which has a mobile webapp, hope they make an offline mobile app)
One big thing to note is that I use far less apps than i used to, but this maybe because I can easily tether my phone and quickly open up my macbook to do things. I even preferred checking yelp via my laptop in the car during my last roadtrip. That said, I'm burning to get either an ipad or a thinkpad tablet soon as a book-reader/travel-laptop-second-screen/drawing tablet.
I've also never liked typing on a small keyboard.
Pubtran - if you're in London, is fantastic for trains and tubes.
Vignette - Absolutely beautiful and beautifully made camera app (lots of filters and whatnot).
gStrings - Brilliant guitar tuner.
Also worth noting: Pure calendar, Tweetdeck, Google Goggles.
- Hacker News Droid - HN Reader
- Hooopla - to find out fun activities going on nearby
- Todo.txt Touch - can be synced and edited on all my computers, and used the cl
- Opera Mobile* Work: All the Gmail usual suspects (most recently G+). Rom Manager, DroidWall
* Play: SqueezeControl (for squeezebox). Google Navigation rocks. RoboDefense, Solitaire. Wordfeud (better WordsWithFriends)
* Bankdroid for widgets to show my bank/credit balance
* mNote for SimpleNote syncing
* Aedict for japanese dictionary
* Google Listen for podcasts, but I'm looking for something better
* Raziko for japanese radio streaming
* BatteryView to keep track of how fast I'm draining
-advanced task killer, to manage running processes
-all recipes, to find dinner options
-amazone kindle
-amazon app store, they give away one paid app every day
-barcode scanner
-daily dilbert
-google reader, hn droid
-gtasks, to manage gmail task list
-movies, to see upcoming movie releases, trailers
-netflix
-games (crossword, spaghetti & marshmellos)
-shazam
-spotify
-touchdown, corporate email
-verizon dvr, remote control dvr access
-wifi analyzer
If you're looking to find more free Android apps I have a little side project up at http://randomfreeapp.com that might be handy :)
Google authenticator - if you're carrying an android and using gmail you should be using two factor.
Astro - solid file browser
Dolphin - only browser I've used outside of stock, very solid, tabs, sync.
Evernote - unified note taking across my 3 devices (phone, laptop, laptop)
LTE on/off - turning off 4g in spotty areas or when I'm low on battery
Meebo - I use it for a xmpp client
Pandora
Swype
Webex - I do a lot of these, and this app is great
Camera360, Jorte (calendar), Tweetdeck, Google Reader, Dogcatcher (podcasts), Dolphin Browser
incidentally the stock galaxy s phone app does allow me to tun off the shuttet.
also run my own app, a live wallpaper water simulaytion linked to online weather. com.heyesjones.rainwallpaper
N-back for doing n-back (it's the one with an orange goldfish icon)
Öffi (awesome public transport app for free) https://market.android.com/details?id=de.schildbach.oeffi
Plume (Twitter Client) https://market.android.com/details?id=com.levelup.touiteur
Feedr (RSS/Google Reader) https://market.android.com/details?id=com.feedr
Cardiotrainer & Addons https://market.android.com/details?id=com.wsl.CardioTrainer
imdb https://market.android.com/details?id=com.imdb.mobile
all kinds of Google Apps, most recently Google+ https://market.android.com/details?id=com.google.android.app...
Flighttrack (track your flights and notify of changing flight times) https://market.android.com/details?id=com.mobiata.flighttrac...
Kayak (flight search) https://market.android.com/details?id=com.kayak.android
SMS Backup (automatically push SMSs to a GMail folder = never lose SMS) https://market.android.com/details?id=tv.studer.smssync
Documents to go (Word, Excel, GDocs Client) https://market.android.com/details?id=com.dataviz.docstogo
ROM Manager (manage custom ROMs and kernels) https://market.android.com/details?id=com.koushikdutta.romma...
Chrome to Phone (send links from Chrome to your mobile) https://market.android.com/details?id=com.google.android.app...
Cab4me (shows cabs, stations, numbers of cab companies in every city) https://market.android.com/details?id=com.cab4me.android
Trillian (messaging, duh) https://market.android.com/details?id=com.ceruleanstudios.tr...
MySettings (longpress search button = Settings popup ) https://market.android.com/details?id=jqsoft.apps.mysettings
Make your Clock Widget (awesome custom clock widget) https://market.android.com/details?id=net.hubalek.android.ma...
Beautiful Widgets (same as above) https://market.android.com/details?id=com.levelup.beautifulw...
Jorte (awesome calendar widget, far better then the Android Stock Widget) https://market.android.com/details?id=jp.co.johospace.jorte
ReadItLater (well.. read it later client) https://market.android.com/details?id=com.ideashower.readitl...
every game from Hexage is high quality and fun, most recently Robotek! https://market.android.com/developer?pub=Hexage+Ltd
Go dev team suite: - Go launcher Ex : great customizable launcher with lots of themes and great transition effects http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u5LISE8BU_E - Go dialer Ex, Go contacts ex , Go sms : themable contacts and messages apps. Using the dark theme for both - Go twitter widget : nice twitter widget (transparent theme) - Go calendar widget : click on a day to see the details of that day (transparent theme) - Go keyboard: nice keyboard with lots of themes, and swype input - fancy widgets (free) : the clock/weather widgets. Get the MIUI themes.tried beautiful widget but didn't like it.
- Juice defender lite : great app for reducing power usage.turns off radios(wifi/data, but can still receive calls) when screen is locked, and turns them back on regularely(every 15min). Didn't try the premium/ultimate versions.
- 2 player reactor: very fun multiplayer game. nice to play in a bar. gets harder with every beer ;)
- Grocery smart: shopping list app that sync with the web(http://www.grocerysmart.net/).
- TuneIn radio: lots of webradios from many different countries
- my data manager: monitor how much data your apps are consuming
- Google sky: nice app for astonomy lovers. point it at the sky, and it tells you what starts/planets you're looking at. mostly an app to impress other people. - Google goggles : take a pic of something and your phone will analyse it to detect what it is. tested on monuments in paris. works well enough.like google skyp,mostly used to impress people, no practical use.
- yata: simple countdown timer
-Google reader/ gReader for rss feeds. I think the google app is good enough. gReader brings more features to the table. Try the free version (ad supported) or 5$ for the full version.
-Brilliant quotes: nice widget to show some inspiring/funny quotes.
-Changelog droid: keep track of what's changed in your apps after every update.
-Spotify (subscription 10$/month): music app.supports offline playlists.works on windows/mac/linux.can use the desktop client to choose which playlist will be available on your phone.can play songs already on the phone.nice widget.
-imo.im : good im client. you can start a conversation on your phone, and then continue the conversation on your pc if you go to their site. http://imo.im. iOs clients available too. -Trillian: switched to this im client for their features. continuous chat like imo.im but with a nice windows client and your chat logs get automatically saved to the cloud ( requires subscription)
Other great apps, gaming focused: the Marbians, Alchemy.